American

Hudson Den Haag Statenwartier: This place boasts some of the best burgers in The Hague along with good beers and friendly service.
The Pier: Great place for food, fun, and music down on the pier of the beach area. Very touristy and very busy on the weekends but otherwise a must see if you haven't.
Big Burger on Wheels: Get ready for big burgers because this place has tons to pick from! Bit more on the pricy side but still good nonetheless.

Asian

Sumo: Another place similar to that of Shabu Shabu in Rotterdam and Umami in Utrecht, Sumo offers all you can eat sushi, noodles, and other Asian foods for lunch and dinner.
Mandarin Palace: Chinese food the way it's supposed to be! Come here for a quick bite or for a nice dinner with a good atmosphere and friendly staff.
Uthai Thani: If you're looking more for a place to get great Thai take away, then this is the place to go. Less of a sit down restaurant, but offers delicious selections of Thai food. Locals and tourists say this is a great spot for curry.

Dutch/Traditional

Het Gouden Kaif: Here they take on old European classics and add their own twist to it. Come in during the week for a 5 course mystery dinner for only 29 euros (sometimes on special)! Locals and tourists say the service can be a bit slow, but if you are up for a night of tasting then this is the place to go.
Restaurant Basaal: Looking for a place with a great view and excellent dishes with wine pairings? Look no further then Restaurant Basaal located in The Hague Center. Menu online is in Dutch so make sure to ask for an English copy if you're not too confident in your Dutch.
Vitesse Grand Cafe Restaurant: From experience I can tell you that this is one of the best places I have eaten at. I ordered the cod filet with lobster sauce and it was just Heaven. I highly recommend this place if you are on the beach looking for a nice romantic dinner. Another tip, great place to see the sunset over the water.

Sweets/Desserts

The Dessert Shop: Lovely little place to get a small croissant or cake during the day. Locals say the best to get are the pastries and small desserts.
Ijssalon Gamba: Nice place to stop in located between the beach and the town. Offers a good selection of ice creams/gelato and also serves sandwiches. Local tip: they received the award for best ice cream in The Hague!
De Pier Pannenkoeken: Come here to watch the waves with an incredible view while tucking in to some delicious pancakes. They also offer an all you can eat pancakes option for only 20 euros! Great deal in my opinion :)

Seafood

Simonis aan de Haven: Super fresh seafood at a good price! Very popular among locals and tourists.
Seafoodbar Vigo: Fun cozy place to eat fresh fish and seafood. Dishes can be a bit expensive, but great selection of soups, starters, and meals.
Roeleveld Vis: More of a fish market or shop, you can still order fresh fish to eat, fried or baked. Good prices and good selection of fish and smoked fish. Very friendly and helpful staff to assist you.